Skandar Lodhi ruled over Delhi when Farid Khan (Sher Shah Suri) was given the management of his jagir by his father, Hassan Khan. He then wrote a letter to his father expressing his determination to provide the region with an orderly and sustainable government. He wrote, “Justice is an essential foundation and the root of development in this letter. Injustice weakens the foundations of government and destroys the nation. “
Real name of Sher Shah Suri was Farid khan. Farid khan got the title of Sher Shah Suri when he defeated Mughal emperor Humayun and took over the power of northern India and then Bengal.
Where the farmer perishes, the king perishes.
Sher Shah Suri intended to completely change farming methods, levy rates and collection arrangements and enacted several laws for reform. He declared that farmers are the source of prosperity for the country. If their condition is terrible, they will not be able to produce anything, and if they are prosperous, they will be more productive. Historians believe that Sher Shah preferred farmers from his earliest days.
Sher Shah believed that where the farmer perishes, the king perishes. He made sure that the farmers’ bodyguards, the army, and the finance department did not oppress them. He eliminated the lazy and corrupt officials who robbed the government with one hand and the peasants with the other. He ordered that the accounts of the tax collectors be suddenly checked. Documents about the village should be confiscated before the head of the town is aware of such a raid. Sher Shah chose a way to deal with a natural calamity like famine. He used to receive two and a half bushels of foodgrains from the farmers on a large plot of land so that any trouble could be efficiently dealt with.
Abul Fazl has also given the rates of the crop fixed by Sher Shah. He says that Suri brought India under control of revenue management. Crop rates were fixed for lands that were ‘palaj’ (under continuous cultivation) or ‘Paravati’ (rarely uncultivated). This rate was based on three rates depending on the quantity of production: good, average or low. Their average production rate would be standard, and one-third of that amount would be taxed. Tax assessments were relaxed, but no concessions were allowed at the time of collection.
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Safe Travel
Sher Shah laid a public road from Calcutta to Peshawar (or Peshawar to Calcutta according to the people of Peshawar) but also provided police, trees, wells and inns for the convenience of travelers. He also decorated it with check posts. Completing this long journey during his short five-year tenure exemplifies his tact and management skills. The British even used the Grand Trunk (GT) Road to establish a cohesive nationwide connection. About 1700 inns were built, and each inn had separate accommodation and food arrangements for Hindus and Muslims. Every traveler received free food from the government.
There was a population of people around the inn; farmers used to come there to sell their grain. “During the reign of Sher Shah, travelers were not afraid to stay in the desert.” They camped at night, deserted or uninhabited, without fear: they left their belongings in the field, went their mules to graze, and slept comfortably and carefree as if they were in their own house and landlord. The authorities in the area kept an eye on the passengers for fear that they would be harmed and be harmed or arrested.
Authorities were held accountable for crimes committed in their area and were personally obligated to compensate victims. The duties of the ‘Muqaddam’ (head) of the village went far beyond managing the village finances. He was held accountable for any crime committed in or around his town. If passengers committed theft or murder, they were required to present criminals and stolen goods. Referring to this strict principle, “even an old and feeble woman could travel with a basket of jewels on her head, and no thief or looter could approach her for fear of punishment of Sher Shah.” ۔’
Irfan Habib calls it a “rough and ready” system of maintaining law and order, which the Mughals continued.
‘Father of Money’
Sher Shah was utterly pragmatic. Free trade began between the various provinces of the empire; as the Iranians tell, “prosperity came with peace and security.” He was known as the “Father of Money” and was a mathematician. He used to pay close attention to his father’s estate and then to the management of the empire. He improved the coinage system, and his silver rupee continued to be a standard coin for centuries after him.
He made “Make gold, silver and copper coins. A 167-gram gold coin was called Ashrafi, and a silver coin weighing 175 grams was called a rupee. Not only this, but the 322-gram copper coins also started in the same period, which was called price. In the time of Sher Shah, one rupee was equal to 64 dams. Sher Shah maintained a compelling and honest administration while exemplary punishments were meted out to officials accustomed to indecent and repeated crimes.
Recruitment monitoring
Sher Shah himself used to fix the wages of old recruits. A young man came to them on a high-bred horse on one such occasion. It was a picture of sophistication, but Sher Shah set a meager fee for it. Sheikh Khalil, a Sufi, recommended the young man and said he deserved a better salary. The king told the young man to draw the bow. He could not pull it so that he could shoot an arrow. This meant that he was either too weak or not trained or did not know how to do it.
Despite this, the Sufi argued that the bow was probably new and stiff, which was why it could not be adequately pulled. In response, Sher Shah ordered his command. It was soft due to regular use in exercise, but the man failed to pull it either. The Sufi said that it is heavy, so there is an obstacle in the examination. So the king allowed him to lighten up, but he failed again. Sher Shah concluded that examinations should be held to test the aptitude and sincerity of the candidate.
Recruiting incompetents compromises the overall strength of the military and put the lives of such individuals at greater risk than usual on the battlefield. Even well-dressed, polite and friendly people can lead to surprising failures. Thus the king emphasized that the candidate’s suitability is a significant factor. For example, beautiful-looking lips are not necessary for good speech but can be indispensable if one has to sell gauze.
Specialization in administration and politics
Sher Shah’s reforms are a testament to his expertise in administration and politics. Enthusiasm was an essential element of his governing style, combined with his ability to generate energy. Positive energy. Sher Shah Suri said that a person with authority should always be diligent and active.
Equipment of workers such as workers (clerks), faces (keepers of detailed lists), horse owners (in charge of stables), fielders (in the number of elephants), treasurers (treasurers), riflemen (arms managers). The posts of Kotwal (Law and Order Officer), Shaqdar (Officer-in-Charge of a Unit of Administration) and Munsif (Judge of a Unit of Administration) etc. were established for good management. Shandar Shaqdar and Judges were appointed for high-level review and supervision of subordinates.
Hate bribery
Sher Shah said that the king must ensure that his ministers and officials are not dishonest and that all the officers who take and give bribes are not fit to be employed. I hate to see someone close to me who takes bribes. Sher Shah Suri was responsible for providing better facilities to the people and giving them Justice. That is why a department called Diwan-e-Qaza was set up to provide legal aid to the people with their problems so that Justice could be done to the people.
Tax easy
Sher Shah also took the initiative to fix the revenue system during his tenure. They decided to levy a border tax on the goods used by the business and a tax at the point of sale, simplifying the diverse and troublesome collection system. While this freed the business community from paying various taxes, it also benefited the people by making things cheaper and also helped to improve the business system. Sher Shah Suri respected writers and intellectuals.
Sher shah suri death and Religious tolerance
“Sher Shah Suri also did the work of measuring lands in his time. For this, he enlisted the exceptional help of Hindu Brahmins. During his tenure, people of the Hindu religion held many important positions. Even Brahma Jeet Gaur was Sher Shah’s most worthy commander. During the reign of Sher Shah, Hindus were not discriminated against or hated; they had the same respect as other people, i.e., Muslims. Was During the siege of a fort on May 22, 1545, Sher Shah could not recover from his gunshot wounds, thus ending a short but significant era. Sher Shah proved that he was one of the most successful rulers in India’s long and tainted history. Only five years of rule, but almost five centuries ago, set the standard of governance that, in the period that followed, humanity, despite its progress, largely failed to reach.
His opponent Mughal emperor Humayun used to call him ‘Ustad Badshahan’ or teacher of kings. Humayun’s son Mughal Emperor Akbar laid the foundations of his rule on Sher Shah’s policies and achieved great success.
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